Received 25.08.2023, Revised 08.11.2023, Accepted 04.12.2023
This article is a review of the textbook for students and Masters students “World History: Eras and Civilizations; geographical discoveries; wars and revolutions; Regularities and the Future” Candidates of Historical Sciences, Professor Zh.A. Adilbaev and Associate Professor A.B. Duishenbaeva
methodology; mind; memory; civilization; progress; history; regularity; era; war; revolution